Abortion and the Significance Towards Women's Health With Evidence Research Paper

Abortion and the Significance Towards Women's Health With Evidence

Induced abortion represents a multifaceted ethical, moral, biological, psychological, and legal human issue. The complex issue of induced abortion has been the source of substantial debate, controversy, and activism over the course of several decades. Induced abortion is medically defined as the removal or expulsion of a fetus or embryo before the fetus is able to survive outside of the uterus (Grimes et al. 2004). Fetal viability has been explained as 20 weeks gestation or a fetal weight that is less than 500 grams; however, there is not a reported case of a fetus surviving at 20 weeks and weight alone is not the strongest predictor of viability (Grimes et al. 2004). In the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade legalized abortion nationwide (Grimes et al. 2004). Abortion is currently one of the most common medical procedures performed on women aged 15-44 in the U.S., and the majority of women who have abortions tend to be young, unmarried, white, and undergo the procedure during early pregnancy (Jones et al. 2008; Grimes et al. 2004). The procedure can be performed medically or surgically.

Several studies have emerged which inquire into various aspects of the multidimensional, and often controversial, abortion issue and examines the ways in which abortion affects women's health. One study examined the incidence of medical abortion within a population of women from Denmark, and investigated the risk of subsequent adverse pregnancy outcomes (Virk et al. 2007). Another study performed a 30-year longitudinal study to research the psychological effects of abortion, and compare the prevalence of mental health disorders in women who had undergone induced abortion (Fergusson et al. 2008). A third study investigated the obstacles obstetric and gynecological physicians face while trying to integrate abortion procedures into their practices (Freedman et al. 2010). Each study hosts a variety of research strengths and weaknesses. Abortion has been the source of intense controversy and debate, and millions of women undergo medical abortion to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Despite the controversy and debate, these women deserve access to efficient medical care and gender-sensitive intervention methods while undergoing, and following the completion of, abortion treatment.Researchers and medical professionals have established the long-term safety of surgical abortion in the first trimester, and understand the low risk surgical abortion has on creating adverse effects on subsequent pregnancies. Medical abortion, which is abortion by means of medication, is an alternative option to the surgical procedure. Although some form of medical abortion has been in practice since the 1950s, limited information is available regarding the effects of this treatment on a woman's subsequent pregnancies (Virk et al. 2007). The use of medical abortion has increased in recent years and there are currently three regimens available: misoprostol alone, methotrexate followed by misoprostol, and the mifepristone followed by misoprostol, which is the most commonly used method; by 2000, 3 million women worldwide used the mifepristone and misoprostol treatment (Virk et al. 2007). Considering the uncertainty of the effect of this treatment on subsequent pregnancies, Virk et al. performed a study to compare pregnancy health in woman who had previously undergone medical abortion vs. surgical abortion (2007). The study identified women living in Denmark who had undergone an induced abortion for non-medical reasons between 1999 and 2004, and then evaluated the two populations (medical and surgical abortion) for their risk of ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, and low both rate in the first subsequent pregnancy (Virk et al. 2007). The study concluded with no evidence suggesting previous medical abortion, in comparison with surgical abortion, increases the risk of adverse conditions in subsequent pregnancy (Virk et al. 2007).

The adequate amount of data available for the Virk et al. research adds to the strength of the study. The Danish National Induced Abortion Registry has maintained records of all induced abortion performed in the country since 1973, which allowed Virk et al. To access all information concerning medical and surgical abortion treatments within the country's population (2007). The study was strengthened as the group had access to an accurate research source which permitted them to evaluate 11,814 pregnancies in women who had previous first-trimester abortion procedures between 1999 and 2004 (Virk et al. 2007). To obtain information regarding ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion.....